Debian11安装后必备配置

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前言

在虚拟机中安装了 Debian11 系统，用来跑一些自定义的脚本和公司的 VPN，通过 Zerotier 实现内网穿透以免去端口转发和网络不通的烦恼。

下面列举了一些安装好系统后必备的几项配置，记录一下防止忘记。

去除cdrom源

注释掉两个cdrom 的源，取消最后两行的注释

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# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.6.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20221217-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.6.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20221217-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib

# bullseye-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib

修复方向键变ABCD

编辑 /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny 文件

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vi /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny

将 set compatible
改为
set nocompatible

如果退格键不能用，再加一句：
set backspace=2

换源

注释官方源，使用清华大学源

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# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.6.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20221217-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.6.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20221217-10:40]/ bullseye contrib main

# deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib
# deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib

# bullseye-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib

## 
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

然后安装vim和sudo

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apt install vim
apt install sudo

配置用户 sudo 权限

切换到root用户：
su -
输入密码

安装 sudo 并将用户名添加到 sudo 组

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$ su - root
# usermod -aG sudo 用户名
# su – 用户名
$ sudo apt update

安装常用软件

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sudo apt install -y wget curl net-tools lrzsz zip unzip p7zip screen vim bash-completion

启用一些别名

vim .bashrc

启用后是这样

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# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -l'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Alias definitions.

注意

最好不要设置root密码，后面使用sudo -i来进入root账号

总结

目前使用到的基本上就这些，后续如果有其他设置再进行补充。

参考链接

https://blog.csdn.net/ScilogyHunter/article/details/127939940

https://blog.51cto.com/u_15753891/5648457

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/582191277

https://6xyun.cn/article/136

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